Loom for weaving pile fabrics



March 10, 1936. MORGAN 2,033,250

LOOM FOR WEAVING FILE FABRICS Filed Nov. 14, 1934 2 Sheets-Shem. 1

' Inventor George A. Morgan.

March 10,1936. 5 MORGAN 2,033,250

LOOM FOR WEAVING FILE FABRICS Filed Nov. 14, 1934 2 Sheeizs-Sheet 2 Patented Mar. 10, 1936 Qeorge A. M or S danford Thisfinvention relates to a loom for weaving pile fabrics, and more particularly warp pile fabrics, of that type in which'some or all of the pile is first produced in the form of loom, which loops either remain in the looped form or are cut as may be desired. The invention is further directed to that type of such fabric in which the pile loops in their formation are supported by pile gages extending lengthwise of the loom.

The object of the invention is to provide a construction inwhich the body portion of these pile gages may be flexed vertically and thus operated by heddles in practically the same manner as the warp yarns in the formation of the shed and in which the change in the distance between the ends of the pile gages due to this vertical flexing of the body of pile gages in the formation of the shed is compted for more particularly to prevent any deleterious endwise movement of the forward portions of the pile gages in the fabric.

The nature wd objects of the invention will appear more fully from the accompanying description and draw and will be particularly pointed out in the cl.

25 Pile gages extending longitudinally of the loom may be employed in the weaving of a wide variety of pile fabrics. The pile loops may be formed either from the warp yarns or from the filling yarns directly over the pile gages or, more particularly in the case of warp pile, over filling yarns supported by the pile gages. So also the pile gages at their forward ends may be free from connection with the loom or, if provided with cutting edges, may be attached at their forward .ends to the loom. Furthermore, such pile gages may be employed in looms of a wide variety of types employing one or more shuttles, weaving one piece of fabric or weaving simultaneously two or more pieces of fabric, and having shedforming mechanism of various types.

It will be suficient, therefore, to illustrate only that portion of a loom with which the invention is particularly concerned and a preferred embodiment of the invention employed in weaving an ordinary type of looped warp pile fabric.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 illustrates diagratically, and with much distortion of proportions in order to indicate the position of the yarns in the fabric, an arrangement of the invention chiefly in vertical cross section as applied to the weaving simultaneously of two pieces of looped warp pile fabric in a double shuttle loom of ordinary type.

Fig. 2 is a side elevation partly in vertical cross a oorction section taken on the line 2-2 of Fig. 3 aim the mechanism for operating the rear ends of the pile gages.

Fig. 3 is a top plan view partially broken away of the said mechanism. 5

In the arrangement illustrated in Fig. l, the loom is arranged for weaving simultaneously two pieces of looped warp pile fabric with the pile portions facing each other. In the upper fabric the ground is formed by the ground warps i and 2 and the picks 3 of filling laid by the shuttle or filling carrier 6 while the pile loops are formed from the pile warps b and s passing over the picks i of filling laid by the shuttle 3. Inthe same way the lower pile fabric is formed by the ground warps s and s and the picks it of mung laid by the shuttle or /filling carrier it while the pile loops are formed from the pile warps l2 and iii ng over the picks it of filling laid by the shuttle M. In each case the pile fabric is shown as of the fast type, that is, following any pile warp ugh it will be seen that, with reference to the ground and the particular fabric, between successive upstanding loops it passes down under a pick of filling in the ground, thence over two picks of filling and thence under the fourth pick, thus being y interlocked with the ground between successive loops.

In the construction illted, the picks l and as of 'izw which extend the loops of pile form no part of the fabric structure and may be removed and, if the loops. are afterward cut, will be removed from the finished fabric.

The pile gages extending lengthwise of the loom which are employed are shown as comprising vertically flexible body portions is and forward end portions it; Preferably the body portions l5 are formed of relatively fine round wire with the forward end it of flat blades integral there- 40 with. The blade-like form of the forward ends is necessary in the particular fabrics being, woven because the height of the pile is in this case determined by the height of these blades, but as the height of the pile may otherwise be determined in other types of fabric, the invention is not to be limited to the particular shape of the forward ends. Also since in the weave illustrated all looped fabric is being woven, the pile gages are free from the loom structure at their forward ends and are supported only in the fabrics. Inthe application of the invention illustrated the yarns which form the pile loops are not passed directly over the pile gages but, as noted, pass over the picks l and it of filling and these picks are supported in the required position to form the desired loops by resting upon the pile gages.

It will be seen, therefore, that in order to secure the proper introduction and positioning of the various picks of filling, not only those picks 3 and ill which are located in the ground but those picks I and H which rest upon the pile gages, it is necessary to manipulate the pile.

gages in the same way that the warps are manipulated in order to form the required sheds .for the passage of the shuttles or filling carriers 4 and ii. For this purpose in the construction illustrated the shed-forming mechanism comprises a series of heddles of any usual type but preferably mounted for rectilinear vertical movement and operated by any suitable well-known mech-- anism. The heddles I1 and I8 are provided with eyes through which the body portions I! of the pile gages pass while the heddles l8 are provided with eyes through which respectively pass the pile warp yarns and the heddles 20 are provided with eyes through which respectively pass the ground warp yarns.

All of the warp yarns and all of the body portions of the pile gages pass in the usual way between the dents 2| of the usual reed 22. As is customary, several yarns and a pile gage pass through each dent space and consequently the body portions of the pile gages must be of a thickness approximating that of the warp yarns. In the particular weave illustrated a ground warp yarn, a pile warp yarn, and a pile gage are located in each dent space.

It is necessary that the forward ends of the pile gages shall be substantially immovable in the direction of their length. The forward end portions which are engaged in the formation of the pile loops usually extend a substantial distance in the completed fabric. For example, in the weaving of pile fabric of the standard width of fifty-four inches, such a fabric is woven with a fifty-six inch reed having, say, eighteen dents to the inch and consequently about a thousand pile gages with the picks laid, say, forty to the inch and with the forward end portions of the pile gages extending from three to three and onehalf inches in the woven fabric. Under suchcircumstances it will be appreciated that the pile gages are very firmly'held in the fabric and if any endwise reciprocation takes place, there will not only be a serious interference with the weaving but serious danger of injury to the fabric. But as the distance between the forward and rear ends of the pile gages is continually changing due to the vertical movements of the heddles l1 and I8 as they move from and return to the neutral position in the formation of the shed, such endwise reciprocation will take place unless prevented.

The present invention eliminates this danger and enables pile gages having the vertically flexible body portions to be employed and manipulated in the same manner as the warp yarns by providing for a backward and forward movement of the rear ends of the pile gages to compensate for this changing distance between the ends of the pile gages. For this purpose the body portions of the pile gages at their rear ends are connected to a pile gage support in the rear of the shed-forming mechanism mounted for the desired forward and backward movement. In the construction illustrated the upper set of pile gages at their rear ends are formed into eyes 23 through which a transverse bar 24 extends. Sima,oss,aeo I ilarly the eyes 25 at the vrear ends of the lower set of pile gages are mounted upon a similar transverse bar 28. These transverse bars in turn are mounted at their ends in brackets 21 secured to a transverse support 28. At: each end this support 28 is shown mounted between antifriction plates 29 carried by brackets 30 rigidly secured to the loom sides 2|.

A rock shaft 22 is shown iournalled in lugs 23 depending from the loom sides. Arms 34 extendi s upward from this rock shaft pass at their upper ends through openings in the support 28 and an arm 35 extending from the rock shaft is operated by any suitable connection to a moving part of the loom operated in time with the shedforming mechanism so as to cause the support 28 to move forward when in the formation of the shed the pile gage heddles move from the neutral position and to move backward when they return to neutral position to an extent necessary to prevent endwise movement of the forward ends of the pile gages and to compensate for the changing distance between the ends of the pile gages due to the flexing of the pile gages in the formation of the shed. Any suitable mechanism may be employed for this purpose and specifically forms no part of the present inven- Thus, for example, the arm 3! may be operated by a cam similar to the cams for operating the heddles when the shed-forming mechanism is operated by cams or the arm 35 may be operated by jacks similarto those used for operating other types of shed-forming mechanism or it may be operated by a special cam.

It will thus be seen that the invention presents a. loom in which endwise reciprocation of the longitudinally extending pile gages within the fabric is prevented, while at the same time the pile gages are efficiently controlled in the formation of the required sheds.

Having thus described the invention, what is claimed as new, and desired to be secured by Letters Patent, is:

1. A loom for weaving pile fabric comprising shed-forming mechanism, a pile gage support in the rear of the shed-forming mechanism mounted for forward and backward movement, a series of pile gages extending lengthwise of the loom, the forward portions of which support the pile loops as they are formed, having their body portions vertically flexible and flexed by the shedforming mechanism and connected at their rear ends to the said support, means for operating the shed-forming mechanism tocause the pile warp yarns, the ground warp yarns, and the flexible body portions of the pile gases to be raised and lowered as required for theintroduction of the fllling and for the formation of the pile loops, and means for moving the pile gage support forward and backward to compensate for the changing distance between the ends of the pile gages due to the vertical flexing of the pile gages in the formation of the shed.

2. A loom for weaving pile fabric comprising shed-forming mechanism, the said shed-forming mechanism comprising sets of heddles for pile warp yarns, ground warp yarns and pile gages respectively, a bar in the rear of the heddles extending transversely of the loom and mounted for forward and backward movement, a series of pile gages extending lengthwise of the loom, the forward portions of which support the pile loops as they are formed, having their body portions bar, means for operating the shed-forming mechanism to cause the pile warp yarns, the ground warp yarns and the flexible body portions of the pile gages to be raised and lowered as required for the introduction of the filling and for the formation of the pile loops, and means for moving the said bar forward, when in the formation of the shed the pile gage heddles move from the neutral position, and backward when they re turn to neutral position, to an extent necessary to compensate for the changing distance between the ends of the pile gages.

3. A loom for weaving looped warp pile fabric comprising shed-forming mechanism, a pile gage support in the rear of the shed-forming mechanism mounted for forward and backward movement, a series of pile gages extending lengthwise of the loom, the forward portions of which support the pile loops as they are formed, having their body portions vertically flexible and flexed by the shed-forming mechanism and connected at their rear ends to the said support, means for operating the shed-forming mechanism to cause the pile warp yarns, the ground warp yarns, and the flexible body portions of the pile gages to be raised and lowered as required for the introduction of the filling and for the formation of the pile loops, and means for moving the pile gage support forward and backward to compensate for the changing distance between the ends of the pile gages due to the vertical flexing of the pile gages in the formation of the shed.

4. A loom for weaving looped warp pile fabric comprising shed-forming mechanism, the said shed-forming mechanism comprising sets of heddles for pile warp yarns, ground warp yarns andpile gages respectively, a bar in the rear of the heddles extending transversely of theloom and mounted for forward and backward movement, a

series of pile gages extending lengthwise of the loom, the forward portions of which support the pile loops as they are formed, having their body portions vertically flexible, passing through the pile gage heddles and flexed thereby in the shed formation and connected at their rear ends to the said bar, means for operating the shed-forming mechanism to cause the pile warp yarns, the ground warp yarns and the flexible body portions of the pile gages to be raised and lowered as required for the introduction of the filling and for the formation of the pile loops, and means for moving the said bar forward, when in the formation of the shed the pile gage heddles move from the neutral position, and backward when they return to neutral position, to an extent necessary to prevent] endwise movement of the forward end portions-of the pile gages in the fabric.

5. A loom for weaving pile fabric comprising shed-forming mechanism, a pile gage support in the rear of the shed-forming mechanism mounted for forward and backward movement, a series of pile gages extending lengthwise of the loom, the forward portions of which support the loops as they are formed, having their body portions vertically flexible and flexed by the shed-forming mechanism and connected at their rear ends to the said' support, means for operating the shedforming mechanism to cause the warp yarns and the flexible body portions of the pile gages to be raised and lowered as required for the introduction of the filling and for the formation of the pile loops, and means for moving the pile gage support forward and backward to compensate for the changing distance between the ends of the pile gages due to .the vertical flexing of the pile gages in the formation of the shed.

GEORGE A. MORGAN. 

